Hyphenation can often seem like a trivial aspect of writing, but it plays a significant role in how we communicate clearly and effectively. The debate around “reorder” vs. “re-order” is just one example of how small changes in punctuation can impact meaning. Whether you’re a journalist, an academic, or simply someone trying to navigate English grammar, understanding when to use a hyphen with the prefix “re-” is crucial.
In this guide, we’ll break down the rules, exceptions, and nuances around hyphenating words with the “re-” prefix. From style guides like AP and Chicago Manual of Style to real-world examples, we’ll ensure that you understand the importance of proper hyphenation in American English.
Why Hyphenation Matters
Hyphenation serves several purposes in writing. It affects clarity, readability, and even the meaning of words. For example, when we write “re-sign” (with a hyphen), we imply that someone is signing again. But when we write “resign” (without a hyphen), the meaning shifts entirely: the person is quitting or leaving a position.
When it comes to the “re-” prefix, the decision to hyphenate can be confusing because different style guides offer different rules. Writers need consistency in their work to avoid errors and confusion.
Understanding the rules around hyphenation not only prevents mistakes but ensures your writing is clear and professional. Let’s dive into when to hyphenate and when to skip the hyphen with the “re-” prefix.
The ‘Re-’ Prefix Rule: When to Hyphenate and When Not To
The “re-” prefix, which means “again” or “back,” is attached to a variety of verbs and adjectives. The general rule for hyphenating words with the “re-” prefix is as follows:
- Hyphenate if the word begins with an “e” or would otherwise be hard to read: For example, “re-enter” or “re-elect.”
- Do not hyphenate if the resulting word is commonly accepted in unhyphenated form: For example, “reorder,” “rethink,” or “recharge.”
However, this is not a one-size-fits-all rule. There are instances where hyphenation is subjective and can vary depending on the style guide you’re following or the specific word.
Examples of Hyphenated “Re-” Words:
- Re-enter
- Re-examine
- Re-elect
Examples of Non-Hyphenated “Re-” Words:
- Reorder
- Reimagine
- Rebuild
As you can see, the word “reorder” doesn’t require a hyphen, whereas “re-enter” does. This can be confusing, but by following the general guidelines, you can make an informed choice.
The Influence of Style Guides on Hyphenation
Different writing style guides provide their own rules for hyphenation. Let’s explore the two most commonly referenced guides: the Associated Press (AP) Stylebook and the Chicago Manual of Style.
AP Style: The Official Rule on ‘Reorder’ and Other ‘Re-’ Words
The AP Stylebook is widely used in journalism and public relations. AP tends to avoid hyphenating “re-” words unless necessary for clarity. Here’s the breakdown for “reorder”:
- AP Style: The AP does not use a hyphen in “reorder.” It also avoids hyphens in other “re-” words unless leaving them unhyphenated would confuse the reader.
- Example: “We need to reorder the supplies.”
Chicago Manual of Style: How It Differs from AP
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is often the go-to guide for books, academic papers, and some professional writing. Unlike the AP Stylebook, CMS tends to be more conservative about hyphenating “re-” words.
- Chicago Manual of Style: When writing “reorder,” CMS does not recommend a hyphen, following the same principle as AP. However, CMS advocates for hyphenating words like “re-enter” and “re-examine.”
- Example: “They decided to reorder the meeting agenda.”
While both guides suggest no hyphen for “reorder,” CMS might differ from AP in more complex situations.
Words That Break the Rule: Inconsistent or Irregular Hyphenation
Sometimes, a word may break the hyphenation rule due to its historical usage or complexity. This is common with words that have become established in modern language.
Commonly Used Words Without Hyphens:
- Reorder
- Refuel
- Rebuild
But there are also cases where an otherwise “re-” word does get a hyphen to preserve meaning or prevent ambiguity.
Examples of Irregular or Hyphenated “Re-” Words:
- Re-sign (to sign again) vs. Resign (to quit a position)
- Re-creation (creating again) vs. Recreation (fun or leisure activities)
As you can see, the absence or presence of a hyphen can dramatically change the meaning of a word.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Hyphenation errors are easy to make, but you can avoid them by being mindful of the rules and exceptions. Here are some common mistakes and how to avoid them:
Mistakes to Avoid:
- Misusing hyphens in compound words: Many writers mistakenly hyphenate compound words where it’s unnecessary. For example, “re-order” isn’t correct when writing “reorder.”
- Using a hyphen where one isn’t needed: “Re-edit” is a common example of incorrect hyphenation. The correct form is simply “reedit.”
- Confusing British and American spellings: In British English, some “re-” words may be hyphenated where American English would not. For example, “re-organize” in British English vs. “reorganize” in American English.
Tips for Avoiding Hyphenation Errors:
- Check the dictionary: Many dictionaries list whether a word should be hyphenated.
- Refer to your style guide: Whether you’re using AP or Chicago style, always consult your guide for consistency.
- Consider the meaning: If using a hyphen will prevent ambiguity or improve clarity, it’s worth considering.
American vs. British English: Does the Rule Change?
Yes, there are differences between American English and British English when it comes to hyphenation. British English tends to use hyphens more frequently than American English, especially in cases like “reorganize” (British) vs. “reorganize” (American).
British English Examples:
- Re-organize (vs. American “reorganize”)
- Re-alphabetize (vs. American “realphabetize”)
The general trend is that British English leans more towards hyphenating compound words, while American English tends to omit the hyphen unless it’s necessary for clarity.
If you’re writing for an international audience, it’s best to be aware of these differences to ensure consistency.
Capitalization and Hyphenation in Titles: AP vs. Chicago Style
Capitalization rules for hyphenated words in titles differ based on the style guide you follow. Both AP and Chicago have their own rules for when to capitalize hyphenated words.
AP Style:
- In AP style, capitalize both parts of a hyphenated word if the first word is more than three letters long. For example, “Re-Sign the Petition” would be correct, while “Reorder the List” would not capitalize “reorder.”
Chicago Manual of Style:
- Chicago style capitalizes the first word and any significant second word in a hyphenated compound, even if it’s short. For example, “Re-enter the Password” and “Re-evaluate the Strategy” are both capitalized.
Summary of Title Capitalization Rules:
| Style Guide | Capitalization Rules for Hyphenated Words |
| AP Style | Capitalize only the first word if the second is short |
| Chicago Style | Capitalize both words if the second is significant |
Conclusion: The Best Practices for Writers and Editors
Hyphenation may seem like a small detail, but it has a profound impact on clarity and meaning. Whether you’re following AP or Chicago style, it’s essential to understand when to hyphenate “re-” words like “reorder.”
Key Takeaways:
- No hyphen is needed for most “re-” words, including reorder.
- Hyphenate when it’s necessary for clarity, such as with re-enter or re-elect.
- Check your style guide for consistency, especially when writing for different publications or audiences.
- Be mindful of differences between American and British English.
By following these guidelines, you’ll avoid common pitfalls and ensure your writing is clear and professional. Hyphenation is more than just a technicality—it’s an essential tool in making your writing precise and effective.
If you want to enhance your writing further, don’t forget to consult your preferred style guide. Whether you follow AP or Chicago, both guides provide the clarity you need to make hyphenation decisions confidently.
FAQs
1. Should I write “reorder” or “re-order”?
In American English, “reorder” is the correct spelling without a hyphen. The word is widely accepted in this form and does not create confusion. The only time you might consider hyphenating “reorder” is in rare cases where a style guide specifically requires it, but that’s uncommon.
2. Why do some “re-” words require a hyphen while others don’t?
The general rule is:
- No hyphen if the word is commonly understood in its unhyphenated form (e.g., “reorder,” “rebuild,” “reimagine”).
- Use a hyphen if the word would be hard to read or could be confused with a different meaning (e.g., “re-sign” vs. “resign,” “re-cover” vs. “recover”).
3. What do AP Style and Chicago Manual of Style say about “reorder”?
Both AP Style and the Chicago Manual of Style agree that “reorder” does not require a hyphen. These guides recommend using hyphens only when necessary for clarity.
4. Does British English use “reorder” differently from American English?
Not significantly. In both American and British English, “reorder” is used without a hyphen. However, British English tends to hyphenate compound words more often, so you may occasionally see “re-order” in British publications, but it is not the standard.
5. What are some common mistakes people make with “re-” words?
Some common mistakes include:
- Adding unnecessary hyphens (e.g., “re-order” instead of “reorder”).
- Failing to hyphenate when needed (e.g., writing “resign” instead of “re-sign” when meaning “sign again”).
- Using British spelling inconsistently (e.g., “re-organize” instead of “reorganize” in American English).
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